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Tomentose leaves and flowers. Cotyledon tomentosa is a perennial evergreen shrub, which is a member of the Crassulaceae family of succulent flowering plants. [7] C. tomentosa has red, orange, or yellow bell-shaped flowers between July and September, [12] [7] and there are two recognized subspecies, subsp. tomentosa and subsp. ladismithiensis.
Together with Tylecodon, Kalanchoe and Adromischus, it forms a sister clade to the family's basal Crassula clade. [1] Until the 1960s, some 150 species were included in the genus Cotyledon, [4] but subsequently it was split into at least Adromischus, Dudleya, Rosularia, and Tylecodon, leaving probably less than two dozen species in Cotyledon. [5]
Notable early examples of live plant harbored pests—such as beech scale, chestnut blight, and white pine blister rust—led to the Plant Quarantine Act of 1912 and regulations from the US Department of Agriculture in 1919. Despite these and subsequent regulations, insects and pathogens have continued to be introduced through live plants. [1]
Cotyledion tylodes is an extinct, stalked filter-feeder known from the Chengjiang lagerstatten.The living animal reached a couple of centimetres in height, and bore a loose scleritome of ovoid sclerites.
In a pest risk analysis initiated by a specific pathway, often an imported commodity or goods associated with an imported commodity, e.g. packing materials, the probability of pest entry is evaluated for that specific pathway. For a pest risk analysis initiated for a specific pest, all probable pathways are evaluated for that individual pest.
Insects are considered pests for a variety of reasons, including direct damage by feeding on crop plants in the field or by infesting stored products, indirect damage by spreading viral diseases of crop plants (especially by sucking insects such as leafhoppers), spreading disease among humans and livestock, and annoyance to humans.
Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society Brunt A.A. (2005), Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Bulb and Flower Crops , John Wiley & Sons, New York 10158-0012, USA. Pp. 105–110.
By 1895 the pest had become established in many nurseries and orchards in the majority of the Eastern States. Marlatt made entomological investigations in China, Japan , and Java in 1901–02. He introduced the ladybird to the United States in order to control the San Jose scale.