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In construction, cross bracing is a system utilized to reinforce building structures in which diagonal supports intersect. Cross bracing is usually seen with two diagonal supports placed in an X-shaped manner. Under lateral force (such as wind or seismic activity) one brace will be under tension while the other is being compressed.
Scaffolding for rehabilitation in Madrid, Spain [1] Scaffolding for renovation on the Virgin Mary statue, Santiago de Chile, Chile.. Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, [2] is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other human-made structures.
Grid-like structures with insufficient cross-bracing may be vulnerable to collapse. From the Vargas tragedy in 1999 Venezuela.. In the mathematics of structural rigidity, grid bracing is a problem of adding cross bracing to a rectangular grid to make it into a rigid structure.
This type of scaffold is generally used where extensive versatility is required. In many countries, it is common in construction . Horizontal tubes and walking decks can be placed at any height along the vertical tube (as permitted by engineering constraints), and vertical tubes, or legs, can be spaced at any distance apart, up to the maximum ...
This includes the girders themselves, diaphragms or cross-braces, and (if applicable) the truss or arch system. In a girder bridge this would include only the girders and the bracing system. The girders are the primary load support, while the bracing system both allows the girders to act together as a unit, and prevents the beams from toppling.
A gallows (or less precisely scaffold) is a frame or elevated beam, typically wooden, from which objects can be suspended or "weighed". Gallows were thus widely used to suspend public weighing scales for large and heavy objects such as sacks of grain or minerals, usually positioned in markets or toll gates.
A movable scaffolding system (MSS) is a special-purpose self-launching form used in bridge construction, specifically prestressed concrete bridges with segments or spans that are cast in place. The movable scaffolding system is used to support a form while the concrete is cured; once the segment is complete, the scaffold and forms are moved to ...
Gusset plates can be made into a variety of shapes and sizes and from a range of materials. Gusset plates are usually square or rectangular, but can be triangular or made into a customized shape to fit the joint. The shape of each plate is designed so that welding or bolts can be applied to different edges of the plate. [2]