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Troelstra, A. S. (no date but later than 1990), "A History of Constructivism in the 20th Century", A detailed survey for specialists: §1 Introduction, §2 Finitism & §2.2 Actualism, §3 Predicativism and Semi-Intuitionism, §4 Brouwerian Intuitionism, §5 Intuitionistic Logic and Arithmetic, §6 Intuitionistic Analysis and Stronger Theories ...
A mathematical object is an abstract concept arising in mathematics. [1] Typically, a mathematical object can be a value that can be assigned to a symbol, and therefore can be involved in formulas. Commonly encountered mathematical objects include numbers, expressions, shapes, functions, and sets.
Arabic mathematics, particularly algebra, developed significantly during the medieval period. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwārizmī's (Arabic: محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي; c. 780 – c. 850) work between AD 813 and 833 in Baghdad was a turning point.
[1] [2] [3] By contrast, discrete mathematics excludes topics in "continuous mathematics" such as real numbers, calculus or Euclidean geometry. Discrete objects can often be enumerated by integers ; more formally, discrete mathematics has been characterized as the branch of mathematics dealing with countable sets [ 4 ] (finite sets or sets with ...
The real part of every nontrivial zero of the Riemann zeta function is 1/2. The Riemann hypothesis is that all nontrivial zeros of the analytical continuation of the Riemann zeta function have a real part of 1 / 2 . A proof or disproof of this would have far-reaching implications in number theory, especially for the distribution of prime ...
The sum of degrees of all six vertices is 2 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 1 = 14, twice the number of edges. In graph theory , the handshaking lemma is the statement that, in every finite undirected graph , the number of vertices that touch an odd number of edges is even.
The language recognized by is the regular language given by the regular expression 1*( 0 (1*) 0 (1*) )*, where "*" is the Kleene star, e.g., 1* denotes any non-negative number (possibly zero) of symbols "1". Many everyday activities carried out without a thought are uses of mathematical models.
The University of Niš Faculty of Science and Mathematics (Serbian: Природно-математички факултет Универзитета у Нишу, romanized: Prirodno-matematički fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu), also known as the Niš Faculty of Science and Mathematics, is one of the educational institutions of the University of Niš, Serbia.