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Hyperpolarization machines are currently being used to develop hyperpolarized xenon gas that is used as a visualization agent for the lungs. Xenon-129 is a safe inert noble gas that can be used to quantify lung function. With a single 10-second breath hold, hyperpolarized Xenon-129 is used with MRI to enable 3-dimensional lung imaging. [35]
In contrast, in scale-free networks the largest hub scales as k max ~ ~N 1/(γ−1) indicating that the hubs increase polynomically with the size of the network. A key feature of scale-free networks is their high degree heterogeneity, κ= <k 2 >/<k> , which governs multiple network-based processes, from network robustness to epidemic spreading ...
Although the system is a variant of STAMP, it is mainly designed to be fitted with the 12.7 mm GAU-19/A three-barrel rotary heavy machine gun. It can also be fitted with either a 12.7 mm M2HB heavy machine gun, 7.62 mm FN Minimi light machine gun or a 40 mm MK 19 automatic grenade launcher. [3]
Hyperpolarized gas MRI, also known as hyperpolarized helium-3 MRI or HPHe-3 MRI, is a medical imaging technique that uses hyperpolarized gases to improve the sensitivity and spatial resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is one of several hyperpolarization methods developed to enhance the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.While an essential analytical tool with applications in several fields, NMR’s low sensitivity poses major limitations to analyzing samples with low concentrations and limited masses and volumes. [1]
The hyperpolarization creates a large signal intensity, and the wide range of chemical shifts allows for identifying when the 129 Xe associates with molecules like hemoglobin. 129 Xe is preferred over 131 Xe for MRI because 129 Xe has spin 1/2 (compared to 3/2 for 131 Xe), a longer T1, and 3.4 times larger gyromagnetic ratio (11.78 MHz/T). [3]
Hyperpolarization is a change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative. Cells typically have a negative resting potential, with neuronal action potentials depolarizing the membrane. Cells typically have a negative resting potential, with neuronal action potentials depolarizing the membrane.
Hyperpolarization has several meanings: Hyperpolarization (biology) occurs when the strength of the electric field across the width of a cell membrane increases Hyperpolarization (physics) is the selective polarization of nuclear spin in atoms far beyond normal thermal equilibrium