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The efforts of Caligula to install a statue of himself in the Temple (37–41 AD), which required the intervention of Philo of Alexandria and Herod Agrippa to prevent, has been proposed as the "first open break between Rome and the Jews"; although problems were already evident during the Census of Quirinius in 6 AD and under Sejanus (before 31 AD).
The census triggered a revolt of Jewish extremists (called Zealots) led by Judas of Galilee. [4] Galilee itself was a separate territory under the rule of Herod Antipas .) Judas seems to have found the census objectionable because it ran counter to a biblical injunction (the traditional Jewish reading of Exodus 30:12 ) and because it would lead ...
Following the capture of Jerusalem by the forces of Herod the Great with assistance from Roman forces in 37 BCE, it is likely that Jews were again taken to Rome as slaves. It is known that Jewish war captives were sold into slavery after the suppression of a minor Jewish revolt in 53 BCE, and some were probably taken to southern Europe. [16]
Jews of Poznań granted a privilege of forbidding Christians to enter into their city. 1648 Jewish population of Poland reached 450,000 (4% of the 11,000,000 population of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth being Jewish), 40,000 in Bohemia, and 25,000 in Moravia. Worldwide population of Jewry is estimated at 750,000. 1648–1655
The fate of Jews in Rome and Italy fluctuated, with partial expulsions being carried out under the emperors Tiberius and Claudius. [10] [11] After the successive Jewish revolts of 66 and 132 CE, many Judean Jews were brought to Rome as slaves (the norm in the ancient world was for prisoners of war and inhabitants of defeated cities to be sold ...
The Jewish community in Rome is deeply committed to preserving its cultural heritage. [4] [2] [8] [3] [1] [6] [5] The Jewish Museum in Rome serves as a repository for historical artifacts, documents, and works of art that tell the story of the community's long and storied history.
Galilee, site of Josephus's governorship, before the First Jewish–Roman War. Josephus was born into one of Jerusalem's elite families. [12] He was the second-born son of Matthias, a Jewish priest. His older full-blooded brother was also, like his father, called Matthias. [13]
Sources on Pontius Pilate are limited, although modern scholars know more about him than about other Roman governors of Judaea. [14] The most important sources are the Embassy to Gaius (after the year 41) by contemporary Jewish writer Philo of Alexandria, [15] the Jewish Wars (c. 74) and Antiquities of the Jews (c. 94) by the Jewish historian Josephus, as well as the four canonical Christian ...