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A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation. LLMs are language models with many parameters, and are trained with self-supervised learning on a vast amount of text. The largest and most capable LLMs are generative pretrained transformers (GPTs).
A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation. LLMs are language models with many parameters, and are trained with self-supervised learning on a vast amount of text. This page lists notable large language models.
T5 (Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer) is a series of large language models developed by Google AI introduced in 2019. [1] [2] Like the original Transformer model, [3] T5 models are encoder-decoder Transformers, where the encoder processes the input text, and the decoder generates the output text.
A word n-gram language model is a purely statistical model of language. It has been superseded by recurrent neural network–based models, which have been superseded by large language models. [12] It is based on an assumption that the probability of the next word in a sequence depends only on a fixed size window of previous words.
For many years, sequence modelling and generation was done by using plain recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A well-cited early example was the Elman network (1990). In theory, the information from one token can propagate arbitrarily far down the sequence, but in practice the vanishing-gradient problem leaves the model's state at the end of a long sentence without precise, extractable ...
That development led to the emergence of large language models such as BERT (2018) [28] which was a pre-trained transformer (PT) but not designed to be generative (BERT was an "encoder-only" model). Also in 2018, OpenAI published Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training, which introduced GPT-1, the first in its GPT series. [29]
Llama (Large Language Model Meta AI, formerly stylized as LLaMA) is a family of large language models (LLMs) released by Meta AI starting in February 2023. [2] [3] The latest version is Llama 3.3, released in December 2024. [4] Llama models are trained at different parameter sizes, ranging between 1B and 405B. [5]
Unlike previous models, BERT is a deeply bidirectional, unsupervised language representation, pre-trained using only a plain text corpus. Context-free models such as word2vec or GloVe generate a single word embedding representation for each word in the vocabulary, whereas BERT takes into account the context for each occurrence of a given word ...