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In number theory, a Liouville number is a real number with the property that, for every positive integer, there exists a pair of integers (,) with > such that < | | <. The inequality implies that Liouville numbers possess an excellent sequence of rational number approximations.
In complex analysis, Liouville's theorem, named after Joseph Liouville (although the theorem was first proven by Cauchy in 1844 [1]), states that every bounded entire function must be constant. That is, every holomorphic function f {\displaystyle f} for which there exists a positive number M {\displaystyle M} such that | f ( z ) | ≤ M ...
The Liouville lambda function, denoted by λ(n) and named after Joseph Liouville, is an important arithmetic function. Its value is +1 if n is the product of an even number of prime numbers , and −1 if it is the product of an odd number of primes.
The irrationality exponent or Liouville–Roth irrationality measure is given by setting (,) =, [1] a definition adapting the one of Liouville numbers — the irrationality exponent () is defined for real numbers to be the supremum of the set of such that < | | < is satisfied by an infinite number of coprime integer pairs (,) with >.
Liouville's theorem has various meanings, all mathematical results named after Joseph Liouville: In complex analysis, see Liouville's theorem (complex analysis) There is also a related theorem on harmonic functions
which does not satisfy Liouville's theorem, whichever degree n is chosen. This link between Diophantine approximations and transcendental number theory continues to the present day. Many of the proof techniques are shared between the two areas.
There is a powerful theorem that two complex numbers that are algebraically dependent belong to the same Mahler class. [24] [31] This allows construction of new transcendental numbers, such as the sum of a Liouville number with e or π.
Pages in category "Theorems in number theory" The following 106 pages are in this category, out of 106 total. ... Fermat polygonal number theorem; Fermat's Last Theorem;