Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Both the extensor and flexor muscles are involved in the maintenance of a constant tone while at rest. In skeletal muscles, this helps maintain a normal posture. Resting muscle tone varies along a bell-shaped curve. Low tone is perceived as "lax, flabby, floppy, mushy, dead weight" and high tone is perceived as "tight, light, strong".
Spasticity can be differentiated from rigidity with the help of simple clinical examination, as rigidity is a uniform increase in the tone of agonist and antagonist muscles which is not related to the velocity at which the movement is performed passively and remains the same throughout the range of movement while spasticity is a velocity ...
Physiotherapy has been shown to be effective in controlling hypertonia through the use of stretching aimed to reduce motor neuron excitability. [9] The aim of a physical therapy session could be to inhibit excessive tone as far as possible, give the patient a sensation of normal position and movement, and to facilitate normal movement patterns.
Additionally, repeated extensor thrusts against rigid chair parts can result in breakages in the wheelchair or adaptive seating. A seat and/or backrest that moves dynamically can accommodate involuntary extensor thrusts, absorb the extensor tone and, through the movement of the seating system, dampen the overall impact of hypertonia on the body.
altered muscle tone (hypotonia or hypertonia) – a decrease or increase in the baseline level of muscle activity; decreased endurance; exaggerated deep tendon reflexes including spasticity, and clonus (a series of involuntary rapid muscle contractions) Such signs are collectively termed the "upper motor neuron syndrome".
The incompleteness of the effect is related to postural and functional tone. Also, some reflexes in vivo are polysynaptic , with entire muscle groups responding to noxious stimuli . As the body ages, the control of voluntary inhibition decreases in conjunction with the torque of the synapse as joints stiffen and their motor output is reduced.
Increased muscle tone, development of the proprioceptive and vestibular senses and opportunities to practice with balance are all consequences of this reflex. During early childhood, the TLR matures into more developed vestibulospinal reflexes to help with posture, head alignment and balance.
Hypotonia or atonia – Tone is not velocity dependent. Hyporeflexia - Along with deep reflexes even cutaneous reflexes are also decreased or absent. Strength – weakness is limited to segmental or focal pattern, Root innervated pattern [clarification needed] The extensor plantar reflex (Babinski sign) is usually absent. Muscle paresis ...