Ads
related to: islet cell antibodies
Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
The presence of islet cell complement fixing autoantibodies also aids in a differential diagnosis between LADA and type 2 diabetes. Persons with LADA often test positive for ICA, whereas type 2 diabetics only seldom do. [19]
Islet cell autoantigen 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICA1 gene. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This gene encodes a protein with an arfaptin homology domain that is found both in the cytosol and as membrane-bound form on the Golgi complex and immature secretory granules.
Islet cell autoantibodies are detected in serum, including ICA (islet cell cytoplasma autoantibodies), IAA (autoantibodies to insulin), GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase), IA-2 (insulinoma-associated protein 2), and ZnT8 (zinc transporter of islet beta cells).
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase N2 (R-PTP-N2) also known as islet cell autoantigen-related protein (ICAAR) and phogrin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRN2 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] PTPRN and PTPRN2 (this gene) are both found to be major autoantigens associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus .
Insulitis is an inflammation of the islets of Langerhans, a collection of endocrine tissue located in the pancreas that helps regulate glucose levels, and is classified by specific targeting of immune cell (T and B lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) infiltration in the islets of Langerhans.
However, Urbanova et al. found that about one quarter of Central European MODY patients are positive for islet cell autoantibodies (GABA and IA2A). Their expression is transient but highly prevalent. The autoantibodies were found in patients with delayed diabetes onset, and in times of insufficient diabetes control.