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Cross-site scripting (XSS) [a] is a type of security vulnerability that can be found in some web applications. XSS attacks enable attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users. A cross-site scripting vulnerability may be used by attackers to bypass access controls such as the same-origin policy.
Double encoding is usually used as an attack technique to bypass authorization schemes or security filters that intercept user input. [2] In double encoding attacks against security filters, characters of the payload that are treated as illegal by those filters are replaced with their double-encoded form. [3]
An XSS worm, sometimes referred to as a cross site scripting virus, [1] is a malicious (or sometimes non-malicious) payload, usually written in JavaScript, that breaches browser security to propagate among visitors of a website in the attempt to progressively infect other visitors. [2]
Cache-timing attacks rely on the ability to infer hits and misses in shared caches on the web platform. [54] One of the first instances of a cache-timing attack involved the making of a cross-origin request to a page and then probing for the existence of the resources loaded by the request in the shared HTTP and the DNS cache.
Additionally, while typically described as a static type of attack, CSRF can also be dynamically constructed as part of a payload for a cross-site scripting attack, as demonstrated by the Samy worm, or constructed on the fly from session information leaked via offsite content and sent to a target as a malicious URL.
Samy (also known as JS.Spacehero) is a cross-site scripting worm that was designed to propagate across the social networking site MySpace by Samy Kamkar.Within just 20 hours [1] of its October 4, 2005 release, over one million users had run the payload [2] making Samy the fastest-spreading virus of all time.
This technique typically involves encoding the payload in some fashion (e.g., XOR-ing each byte with 0x95), then placing a decoder in front of the payload before sending it. When the target executes the code, it runs the decoder which rewrites the payload into its original form which the target then executes. [1] [4]
An opportunity to raise a "File Download" dialogue box for a known MIME type with binary format or suggest a filename for dynamic content. Quotes are necessary with special characters. Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="fname.ext" Permanent RFC 2616, 4021, 6266: Content-Encoding: The type of encoding used on the data. See HTTP compression.