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SHA-1: A 160-bit hash function which resembles the earlier MD5 algorithm. This was designed by the National Security Agency (NSA) to be part of the Digital Signature Algorithm . Cryptographic weaknesses were discovered in SHA-1, and the standard was no longer approved for most cryptographic uses after 2010.
Replacing SHA-1 is urgent where it is used for digital signatures. All major web browser vendors ceased acceptance of SHA-1 SSL certificates in 2017. [15] [9] [4] In February 2017, CWI Amsterdam and Google announced they had performed a collision attack against SHA-1, publishing two dissimilar PDF files which produced the same SHA-1 hash.
SEAL is a stream cipher that uses SHA-1 to generate internal tables, which are then used in a keystream generator more or less unrelated to the hash algorithm. SEAL is not guaranteed to be as strong (or weak) as SHA-1. Similarly, the key expansion of the HC-128 and HC-256 stream ciphers makes heavy use of the SHA-256 hash function.
Google selected Stevens for this award in recognition of his work in Cryptanalysis, in particular related to the SHA-1 hash function. [ 5 ] In February 2017, the first known successful SHA-1 collision attack in practice (termed " SHAttered ") was recognized.
hash HAS-160: 160 bits hash HAVAL: 128 to 256 bits hash JH: 224 to 512 bits hash LSH [19] 256 to 512 bits wide-pipe Merkle–Damgård construction: MD2: 128 bits hash MD4: 128 bits hash MD5: 128 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: MD6: up to 512 bits Merkle tree NLFSR (it is also a keyed hash function) RadioGatún: arbitrary ideal mangling ...
(Here HASH is a cryptographic hash function, such as SHA-2, with the output converted to an integer.) Let z {\displaystyle z} be the L n {\displaystyle L_{n}} leftmost bits of e {\displaystyle e} , where L n {\displaystyle L_{n}} is the bit length of the group order n {\displaystyle n} .
shasum is a Perl program to calculate any of SHA-1, 224, 256, 384, 512 hashes. [7] It is part of the ActivePerl distribution. sha3sum is a similarly named program that calculates SHA-3, HAKE, RawSHAKE, and Keccak functions. [8] The <hash>sum naming convention is also used by the BLAKE team with b2sum and b3sum, by the program tthsum, and many ...
FIPS PUB 198-1 The Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC) [14] NIST SP800-185 SHA-3 Derived Functions: cSHAKE, KMAC, TupleHash, and ParallelHash [15] ISO/IEC 9797-1 Mechanisms using a block cipher [16] ISO/IEC 9797-2 Mechanisms using a dedicated hash-function [17] ISO/IEC 9797-3 Mechanisms using a universal hash-function [18]