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The early 7th century in Arabia began with the longest and most destructive period of the Byzantine–Sasanian Wars. It left both the Byzantine and Sasanian empires exhausted and susceptible to third-party attacks, particularly from nomadic Arabs united under a newly formed religion.
The 7th century is the period from 601 through 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. The spread of Islam and the Muslim conquests began with the unification of Arabia by the Islamic prophet Muhammad starting in 622.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 26 January 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
For centuries after the 7th century BC, the region was dominated by Persian powers like the Achaemenid Empire. In the 1st century BC, the Roman Republic conquered most of the region, and its successor, the Roman Empire (its rule from the 6th to 15th centuries AD referred to as the Byzantine Empire), grew significantly more.
Sections of Saudi Arabia and neighbouring countries formed a part of the Roman Empire. The world's second-largest religion, [4] Islam, emerged in what is now Saudi Arabia. In the early 7th century, the Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of Arabia and created a single Islamic religious polity. [5]
List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language; Medieval Muslim Algeria; Middle Ages; Military history of Iran; Muhammad; Muhammad ibn al-Qasim; Ottoman Caliphate; Political aspects of Islam; Pre-Islamic Arabia; Rashidun Caliphate; Science in the medieval Islamic world; Slavery in medieval Europe; Sokoto Caliphate ...
The victory of the Muslims over the Quraysh in the 7th century had a significant impact on local merchants and sailors, as their trading partners in Arabia had then all adopted Islam, and the major trading routes in the Mediterranean and the Red Sea came under the sway of the Muslim Caliphs. Through commerce, Islam spread amongst the Somali ...
In the 1st century BCE, the expanding Roman Republic absorbed the whole Eastern Mediterranean area, and under the Roman Empire the region was united with most of Europe and North Africa in a single political and economic unit. This unity facilitated the spread of Christianity, and by the 5th century, the whole region was Christian.