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In mathematics, particularly topology, an atlas is a concept used to describe a manifold. An atlas consists of individual charts that, roughly speaking, describe individual regions of the manifold. In general, the notion of atlas underlies the formal definition of a manifold and related structures such as vector bundles and other fiber bundles .
The ARC/INFO Coverage data structure (1981), a topological data model based on POLYVRT. Topology was a very early concern for GIS. The earliest vector systems, such as the Canadian Geographic Information System, did not manage topological relationships, and problems such as sliver polygons proliferated, especially in operations such as vector overlay. [9]
For definiteness the reader should think of a topology as the family of open sets of a topological space, since that is the standard meaning of the word "topology". Let τ 1 and τ 2 be two topologies on a set X such that τ 1 is contained in τ 2: . That is, every element of τ 1 is also an element of τ 2.
In cartography, geology, and robotics, [1] a topological map is a type of diagram that has been simplified so that only vital information remains and unnecessary detail has been removed. These maps lack scale, also distance and direction are subject to change and/or variation, but the topological relationship between points is maintained.
In mathematics, a topological space is, roughly speaking, a geometrical space in which closeness is defined but cannot necessarily be measured by a numeric distance.More specifically, a topological space is a set whose elements are called points, along with an additional structure called a topology, which can be defined as a set of neighbourhoods for each point that satisfy some axioms ...
A hybrid topological data model has the option of storing topological relationship information as a separate layer built on top of a spaghetti data set. An example is the network dataset within the Esri geodatabase. [23]
A three-dimensional model of a figure-eight knot.The figure-eight knot is a prime knot and has an Alexander–Briggs notation of 4 1.. Topology (from the Greek words τόπος, 'place, location', and λόγος, 'study') is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling ...
Given a topological space, it is meaningful to ask whether or not it is a topological manifold. By contrast, it is not meaningful to ask whether or not a given topological space is (for instance) a smooth manifold, since the notion of a smooth manifold requires the specification of a smooth atlas, which is an additional structure.