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Generalized 3 Hz spike and wave discharges in a child with childhood absence epilepsy. Epilepsy is a neurological condition of recurrent episodes of unprovoked epileptic seizures. A seizure is an abnormal neuronal brain activity that can cause intellectual, emotional, and social consequences.
A common cause of convulsions in children is febrile seizures, a type of seizure associated with a high body temperature. This high temperature is a usual immune response to infection, and in febrile convulsions, the reason for the fever is extra-cranial (such as a body-wide viral infection). [17]
Simple febrile seizures involve an otherwise healthy child who has at most one tonic-clonic seizure lasting less than 15 minutes in a 24-hour period. [1] Complex febrile seizures have focal symptoms, last longer than 15 minutes, or occur more than once within 24 hours. [5] About 80% are classified as simple febrile seizures. [6]
Systemic infection with high fever is a common cause of seizures, especially in children. [3] [25] These are called febrile seizures and occur in 2–5% of children between the ages of six months and five years. [26] [25] Acute infection of the brain, such as encephalitis or meningitis are also causes of seizures. [3]
Progression to hemiconvulsions or generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurs in around half of children and hemiconvulsions may be followed by postictal Todd's hemiparesis. Duration and circadian distribution : Rolandic seizures are usually brief, lasting for 1–3 minutes.
These seizures damage the frontal lobe's cognitive brain function such as memory and sensory abilities. This can result in learning disabilities, [6] behavioral disorders, memory issues, sensory changes, and possibly death. Children continue to have seizures throughout their lives.