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Concretely, in the case where the vector space has an inner product, in matrix notation these can be thought of as row vectors, which give a number when applied to column vectors. We denote this by V ∗ := Hom ( V , K ) {\displaystyle V^{*}:={\text{Hom}}(V,K)} , so that α ∈ V ∗ {\displaystyle \alpha \in V^{*}} is a linear map α : V → K ...
Disposition index, but not insulin resistance, can predict type 2 diabetes in persons with normal blood glucose levels, but who do not have a family history (genetic predisposition) to type 2 diabetes. [14] Disposition index can be increased by aerobic exercise, but only to the extent that insulin sensitivity is improved. [15]
What is the value of aggregation function F over a given set S of data cases? - What is the average calorie content of Post cereals? - What is the gross income of all stores combined? - How many manufacturers of cars are there? 4 Find Extremum: Find data cases possessing an extreme value of an attribute over its range within the data set.
The fixation index (F ST) is a measure of population differentiation due to genetic structure. It is frequently estimated from genetic polymorphism data, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) or microsatellites. Developed as a special case of Wright's F-statistics, it is one of the most commonly used statistics in population genetics ...
The level-index (LI) representation of numbers, and its algorithms for arithmetic operations, were introduced by Charles Clenshaw and Frank Olver in 1984. [ 1 ] The symmetric form of the LI system and its arithmetic operations were presented by Clenshaw and Peter Turner in 1987.
Tupper's self-referential formula: A formula that draws itself! Ulam spiral: A bored mathematician discovers an unusual numerical pattern while doodling. Umbral calculus: A mathematical method successfully used for over 100 years, despite the notable limitation of no one on Earth knowing exactly how or why it worked. Unexpected hanging paradox
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The resulting value was reduced by modulo, folding, or some other operation to produce a hash table index. The original Zobrist hash was stored in the table as the representation of the position. Later, the method was extended to hashing integers by representing each byte in each of 4 possible positions in the word by a unique 32-bit random number.