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A mandrake is the root of a plant, historically derived either from plants of the genus Mandragora (in the family Solanaceae) found in the Mediterranean region, or from other species, such as Bryonia alba (the English mandrake, in the family Cucurbitaceae) or the American mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum in the family Berberidaceae) which have similar properties.
The genus Mandragora was first used in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in the first edition of Species Plantarum where the Mediterranean species Mandragora officinarum was described, [5] [6] which is thus the type species of the genus. [7] (Linnaeus later changed his mind and in 1759 placed M. officinarum in the genus Atropa as A. mandragora. [8])
Mandragora officinarum is the type species of the plant genus Mandragora in the nightshade family Solanaceae. [2] It is often known as mandrake , although this name is also used for other plants. As of 2015 [update] , sources differed significantly in the species they use for Mandragora plants native to the Mediterranean region .
In 1753, in the first edition of Species Plantarum, Carl Linnaeus described a single species, Mandragora officinarum, for plants found around the Mediterranean. [8] [9] Jackson and Berry (1979) [10] and Ungricht et al. (1998) [4] have documented the subsequent confusion over the number of Mediterranean species of Mandragora and their scientific names.
There is considerable variability in the size and shape of its parts and in the colour of its flowers. Unlike other members of the genus Mandragora, it usually has a stem, 10–40 cm (4–16 in) long (sometimes up to 60 cm (24 in)), making the plant as a whole usually 20–60 cm (8–24 in) tall. The leaves are mostly basal but are also found ...
Mandragora turcomanica is a perennial herbaceous plant with a thick, often branched tap-root.It has little or no stem, the leaves being arranged in a basal rosette. The lowest leaves are up to 90 cm (3 ft) long by 60 cm (2 ft) across (less in Iranian specimens), the upper leaves being smaller.
Mandragora, a plant genus in the nightshade family Mandragora autumnalis, mandrake or autumn mandrake; Mandragora caulescens, Himalayan mandrake; Mandragora officinarum, mandrake or Mediterranean mandrake, the type species of the genus; Mandragora turcomanica, Turkmenian mandrake
The plant was first description as Echinocactus mandragora in 1929 by Alwin Berger. The specific epithet mandragora comes from Latin, means 'mandrake' and refers to the similarity of the root tubers of both species. Franz Buxbaum and Hans Oehme placed the species in the genus Rapicactus in 1942. [6]