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An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardized tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. [1] Originally, IQ was a score obtained by dividing a person's mental age score, obtained by administering an intelligence test, by the person's chronological age, both expressed in terms of years and months.
The relationship between IQ and academic performance has been shown to extend to one's children. In a study [12] measuring a range of family background characteristics they found that maternal IQ was a stronger predictor of children's test scores than any other family characteristics, including socioeconomic status. Maternal IQ predicted around ...
The categories of IQ vary between IQ test publishers as the category labels for IQ score ranges are specific to each brand of test. The test publishers do not have a uniform practice of labeling IQ score ranges, nor do they have a consistent practice of dividing up IQ score ranges into categories of the same size or with the same boundary ...
However, many psychologists question the validity of IQ tests as a measure of intelligence as a whole. [28] [29] There is debate about the heritability of IQ, that is, what proportion of differences in IQ test performance between individuals are explained by genetic or environmental factors.
Intelligence and personality have traditionally been studied as separate entities in psychology, but more recent work has increasingly challenged this view.An increasing number of studies have recently explored the relationship between intelligence and personality, in particular the Big Five personality traits.
The mean correlation of IQ scores between monozygotic twins was 0.86, between siblings 0.47, between half-siblings 0.31, and between cousins 0.15. [ 79 ] The 2006 edition of Assessing adolescent and adult intelligence by Alan S. Kaufman and Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger reports correlations of 0.86 for identical twins raised together compared to 0 ...
• A 2011 study found that scores on a test of verbal intelligence among 4- to 6-year-olds ... cognitive differences that already exist. ... in 1958 found a link between high IQ in childhood and ...
A meta-analytic review by McDaniel found that the correlation between intelligence and in vivo brain size was larger for females (0.40) than for males (0.25). [18] The same study also found that the correlation between brain size and Intelligence increased with age, with children showing smaller correlations. [18]