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Internal combustion engines date back to between the 10th and 13th centuries, when the first rocket engines were invented in China. Following the first commercial steam engine (a type of external combustion engine) by Thomas Savery in 1698, various efforts were made during the 18th century to develop equivalent internal combustion engines.
The first commercially successful internal combustion engines were invented in the mid-19th century. The first modern internal combustion engine, the Otto engine, was designed in 1876 by the German engineer Nicolaus Otto. [1]
1893 Hornsby–Akroyd oil engine at the museum of Lincolnshire life, Lincoln, England 14 hp Hornsby–Akroyd oil engine at the Great Dorset Steam Fair in 2008. The Hornsby–Akroyd oil engine, named after its inventor Herbert Akroyd Stuart and the manufacturer Richard Hornsby & Sons, was the first successful design of an internal combustion engine using heavy oil as a fuel.
One might summarize the timeline in the following way: the first 50 years were focused on the internal combustion engine and on refinery operations and, post 1970, emphasis has been placed on safety and automobile emissions. [19] 1900-1910 invention of spray carbeurator allowed use of "straight run gasoline" with vehicles.
1957 – Rambler Rebel announced Electrojector electronic fuel injection option, however no production models were offered with the option. 1964 – Ion engine invented. [21] 1966 – RD-0410 nuclear thermal rocket engine was ground-tested. 1960s – alternators replace generators on automobile engines. [22]
[5] [6] Inventors began to branch out at the start of the 19th century, creating the de Rivaz engine, one of the first internal combustion engines, [7] and an early electric motor. [8] Samuel Brown later tested the first industrially applied internal combustion engine in 1826. Only two of these were made. [9]
There were many experiments with gas engines in the 19th century, but the first practical gas-fuelled internal combustion engine was built by the Belgian engineer Étienne Lenoir in 1860. [2] However, the Lenoir engine suffered from a low power output and high fuel consumption.
Samuel Brown (1799 – 16 September 1849) was an English engineer and inventor credited with developing one of the earliest examples of an internal combustion engine, during the early 19th century. Brown, a cooper by training (he also patented improvements to machinery for manufacturing casks and other vessels), [ 1 ] has been described as the ...