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The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is an anatomical location in the human body, [1] which has an important role in urinary and anal continence, sexual function and support of the pelvic organs. [2] The pelvic floor includes muscles, both skeletal and smooth, ligaments and fascia.
The coccygeus muscle completes the pelvic floor, which is also called the pelvic diaphragm. It supports the viscera in the pelvic cavity, and surrounds the various structures that pass through it. The levator ani is the main pelvic floor muscle and contracts rhythmically during female orgasm, and painfully during vaginismus. [4]
The same human pelvis, front imaged by X-ray (top), magnetic resonance imaging (middle), and 3-dimensional computed tomography (bottom). The pelvis (pl.: pelves or pelvises) is the lower part of an anatomical trunk, [1] between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region), together with its embedded skeleton [2] (sometimes also called bony pelvis or pelvic skeleton).
The pelvic cavity is a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis. Its oblique roof is the pelvic inlet (the superior opening of the pelvis). Its lower boundary is the pelvic floor. The pelvic cavity primarily contains the reproductive organs, urinary bladder, distal ureters, proximal urethra, terminal sigmoid colon, rectum, and ...
The vagina is attached to the pelvic walls by endopelvic fascia. The peritoneum is the external layer of skin that covers the fascia. This tissue provides additional support to the pelvic floor. The endopelvic fascia is one continuous sheet of tissue and varies in thickness. It permits some shifting of the pelvic structures.
The perineal membrane has two distinct portions that span the opening of the anterior pelvic outlet. [2]The ventral (anterior) portion is associated with the compressor urethra and urethrovaginal sphincter muscles (previously called deep transverse perineal muscles), and is continuous with the insertion of the arcus tendineus fascia pelvis. [3]
Anatomy photo:41:13-0100 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "The Female Perineum – The Deep Perineal Pouch" Anatomy figure: 43:04-09 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "The urinary bladder and the urethra as seen in a frontal section of the female pelvis."
Anatomy photo:43:16-0103 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The Female Pelvis: Muscles of the Pelvic Diaphragm" Cross section image: pelvis/pelvis-e12-15—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna; pelvis at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (femalepelvicdiaphragm, malepelvicdiaphragm)