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  2. Pythagorean theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem

    Given a triangle with sides of length a, b, and c, if a 2 + b 2 = c 2, then the angle between sides a and b is a right angle. For any three positive real numbers a, b, and c such that a 2 + b 2 = c 2, there exists a triangle with sides a, b and c as a consequence of the converse of the triangle inequality.

  3. Proofs involving the addition of natural numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_involving_the...

    We prove commutativity (a + b = b + a) by applying induction on the natural number b. First we prove the base cases b = 0 and b = S(0) = 1 (i.e. we prove that 0 and 1 commute with everything). The base case b = 0 follows immediately from the identity element property (0 is an additive identity), which has been proved above: a + 0 = a = 0 + a.

  4. Identity (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_(mathematics)

    Visual proof of the Pythagorean identity: for any angle , the point (,) = (⁡, ⁡) lies on the unit circle, which satisfies the equation + =.Thus, ⁡ + ⁡ =. In mathematics, an identity is an equality relating one mathematical expression A to another mathematical expression B, such that A and B (which might contain some variables) produce the same value for all values of the variables ...

  5. Quadratic formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_formula

    The quadratic formula can equivalently be written using various alternative expressions, for instance = (), which can be derived by first dividing a quadratic equation by ⁠ ⁠, resulting in ⁠ + + = ⁠, then substituting the new coefficients into the standard quadratic formula.

  6. Parseval's identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parseval's_identity

    In mathematical analysis, Parseval's identity, named after Marc-Antoine Parseval, is a fundamental result on the summability of the Fourier series of a function. The identity asserts the equality of the energy of a periodic signal (given as the integral of the squared amplitude of the signal) and the energy of its frequency domain representation (given as the sum of squares of the amplitudes).

  7. Completing the square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completing_the_square

    Given a quadratic polynomial of the form + + it is possible to factor out the coefficient a, and then complete the square for the resulting monic polynomial. Example: + + = [+ +] = [(+) +] = (+) + = (+) + This process of factoring out the coefficient a can further be simplified by only factorising it out of the first 2 terms.

  8. Difference of two squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_of_two_squares

    The smaller piece, at the bottom, has width a-b and height b. Now the smaller piece can be detached, rotated, and placed to the right of the larger piece. In this new arrangement, shown in the last diagram below, the two pieces together form a rectangle, whose width is a + b {\displaystyle a+b} and whose height is a − b {\displaystyle a-b} .

  9. Binary operation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_operation

    More precisely, a binary operation on a set is a mapping of the elements of the Cartesian product to : [1] [2] [3]:. The closure property of a binary operation expresses the existence of a result for the operation given any pair of operands.