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The Ottawa knee rules are a set of rules used to help physicians determine whether an x-ray of the knee is needed. [1] They state that an X-ray is required only in patients who have an acute knee injury with one or more of the following: Age 55 years or older; Tenderness at head of fibula; Isolated tenderness of patella
Knee or hip replacement are, by themselves, not indications to perform the procedure. [2] Serial follow-up the ultrasound exam is not necessary after an initially complete, normal study in individuals with DVT symptoms who have suspected pulmonary embolism and nondiagnostic ventilation/perfusion scans. [3]
Ultrasound has been used to trigger the release of anti-cancer drugs from delivery vectors including liposomes, polymeric microspheres and self-assembled polymeric. [15] Phonophoresis is a form of soft tissue treatment that involves the use of ultrasound combined with medication gels to enhance drug delivery to the desired area. [16]
Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound. In diagnosis, it is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs, to measure some characteristics (e.g., distances and velocities) or to generate an informative audible sound.
Ultrasound image showing the liver, gallbladder and common bile duct. Medical ultrasound uses high frequency broadband sound waves in the megahertz range that are reflected by tissue to varying degrees to produce (up to 3D) images. This is commonly associated with imaging the fetus in pregnant women. Uses of ultrasound are much broader, however.
However, from a practical point of view, false positives that lead to negative X-ray tests were the very thing that the knee rules are trying to address. Nonetheless, the Pittsburgh knee rules offer fewer false positives than do the Ottawa knee rules , though the Ottawa knee rules are more commonly used. [ 2 ]
A portable ultrasound machine used in the prehospital setting. Emergency ultrasound is used to quickly diagnose a limited set of injuries or pathologic conditions, [4] specifically those where conventional diagnostic methods would either take too long or would introduce greater risk to a person (either by transporting the person away from the most closely monitored setting, or exposing them to ...
Focused assessment with sonography in trauma (commonly abbreviated as FAST) is a rapid bedside ultrasound examination performed by surgeons, emergency physicians, and paramedics as a screening test for blood around the heart (pericardial effusion) or abdominal organs (hemoperitoneum) after trauma.