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A pendulum with a period of 2.8 s and a frequency of 0.36 Hz. For cyclical phenomena such as oscillations, waves, or for examples of simple harmonic motion, the term frequency is defined as the number of cycles or repetitions per unit of time.
Oscillation is the repetitive or periodic variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states. Familiar examples of oscillation include a swinging pendulum and alternating current. Oscillations can be used in physics to approximate complex interactions, such ...
The period of a mass attached to a pendulum of length l with gravitational acceleration is given by = This shows that the period of oscillation is independent of the amplitude and mass of the pendulum but not of the acceleration due to gravity, g {\displaystyle g} , therefore a pendulum of the same length on the Moon would swing more slowly due ...
The period and frequency are determined by the size of the mass m and the force constant k, while the amplitude and phase are determined by the starting position and velocity. The velocity and acceleration of a simple harmonic oscillator oscillate with the same frequency as the position, but with shifted phases.
A nonzero constant P for which this is the case is called a period of the function. If there exists a least positive [2] constant P with this property, it is called the fundamental period (also primitive period, basic period, or prime period.) Often, "the" period of a function is used to mean its fundamental period.
where g is the acceleration due to gravity, with quantity dimension of length per time squared, and L is the length of the string in the same units. Using the standard acceleration of gravity g 0 = 9.80665 m/s 2 , the length of the string will be approximately 993.6 millimetres, i.e. less than a centimetre short of one metre everywhere on Earth.
, angular frequency, the rate of change of the function argument in units of radians per second., ordinary frequency, the number of oscillations that occur each second of time., phase, specifies (in radians) where in its cycle the oscillation is at t = 0.
The cycle per second is a once-common English name for the unit of frequency now known as the hertz (Hz). Cycles per second may be denoted by c.p.s., c/s, or, ambiguously, just "cycles" (Cyc., Cy., C, or c). The term comes from repetitive phenomena such as sound waves having a frequency measurable as a number of oscillations, or cycles, per ...