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The Catholic Church teaches that the eternity of Hell is due to the "irrevocable character of [the damned's] choice, and not a defect in the infinite divine mercy". [12] The choice to not love God by the angels at their Fall and by human beings at death is a permanent choice so that no future repentance by them is possible.
The angels and saints are Catholic - members of the Catholic Church - as members of the Church Triumphant, one of the three states of the church of heaven and earth. [16] Known angels include: one's guardian angel, seraphim, cherubim, Michael the Archangel, Gabriel the Archangel, and Raphael the Archangel. [17]
Christian writers from Tertullian to Luther have held to traditional notions of Hell. However, the annihilationist position is not without some historical precedent. Early forms of annihilationism or conditional immortality are claimed to be found in the writings of Ignatius of Antioch [10] [20] (d. 108/140), Justin Martyr [21] [22] (d. 165), and Irenaeus [10] [23] (d. 202), among others.
Jehovah's Witnesses do not believe in an immortal soul that survives after physical death. They believe the Bible presents "hell", as translated from "Sheol" and "Hades", to be the common grave for both the good and the bad. They reject the idea of a place of literal eternal pain or torment as being inconsistent with God's love and justice.
[217] [218] Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Satan is God's chief adversary [218] and the invisible ruler of the world. [215] [216] They believe that demons were originally angels who rebelled against God and took Satan's side in the controversy. [219]
The Catholic Church had technically banned the practice of selling indulgences as long ago as 1567. As the Times points out, a monetary donation wouldn't go amiss toward earning an indulgence.
Catholics believe the church exists simultaneously on earth (Church militant), in Purgatory (Church suffering), and in Heaven (Church triumphant); thus Mary, the mother of Jesus, and the other saints are alive and part of the living church. [148] This unity of the church in heaven and on earth is called the "communion of saints". [149] [150]
Angels even get more credence than, well, hell. In fact, about 7 in 10 U.S. adults say they believe in angels, according to a new poll by The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research.