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Convergent evolution—the repeated evolution of similar traits in multiple lineages which all ancestrally lack the trait—is rife in nature, as illustrated by the examples below. The ultimate cause of convergence is usually a similar evolutionary biome , as similar environments will select for similar traits in any species occupying the same ...
An evolutionary lineage is a temporal series of populations, organisms, cells, or genes connected by a continuous line of descent from ancestor to descendant. [1] [2] Lineages are subsets of the evolutionary tree of life. Lineages are often determined by the techniques of molecular systematics.
Parallel evolution is the similar development of a trait in distinct species that are not closely related, but share a similar original trait in response to similar evolutionary pressure. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Parallel vs. convergent evolution
Such variation may occur in a line (e.g. up a mountain slope) as in A, or may wrap around as in B. Where the cline bends around, populations next to each other on the cline can interbreed, but at the point that the beginning meets the end again, as at C , the differences along the cline prevent interbreeding (gap between pink and green).
A genetic lineage includes all descendants of a given genetic sequence, typically following a new mutation. It is not the same as an allele because it excludes cases where different mutations give rise to the same allele, and includes descendants that differ from the ancestor by one or more mutations .
The finding that "Mitochondrial Eve" was relatively recent and African seemed to give the upper hand to the proponents of the Out of Africa hypothesis.But in 2002, Alan Templeton published a genetic analysis involving other loci in the genome as well, and this showed that some variants that are present in modern populations existed already in Asia hundreds of thousands of years ago. [31]
Evolutionary biology – Study of the evolution of life Evolutionary developmental biology – Comparison of organism developmental processes; Genetics – Science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms; Biogeography – Study of distribution of species; Ecological genetics – Study of genetics in natural populations ...
Phylogenetic network depicting reticulate evolution: Lineage B results from a horizontal transfer between its two ancestors A and C (blue, dotted lines). Reticulate evolution, or network evolution is the origination of a lineage through the partial merging of two ancestor lineages, leading to relationships better described by a phylogenetic ...