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  2. Eighty Years' War - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years'_War

    The years 1579–1588 constituted a phase of the Eighty Years' War (c. 1568–1648) between the Spanish Empire and the United Provinces in revolt after most of them concluded the Union of Utrecht on 23 January 1579, and proceeded to carve the independent Dutch Republic out of the Habsburg Netherlands.

  3. Origins of the Eighty Years' War - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_the_Eighty_Years...

    European territories under the rule of the Philip II of Spain around 1580 (the Spanish Netherlands in light green) on a map showing modern-day state borders.. The shifting balance of power in the late Middle Ages meant that besides the local nobility, many of the Dutch administrators by now were not traditional aristocrats; they were from non-noble families that had risen in status over ...

  4. Eighty Years' War, 1621–1648 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years'_War,_1621–1648

    The years 1621–1648 constituted the final phase of the Eighty Years' War (c. 1568–1648) between the Spanish Empire and the emerging Dutch Republic.It began when the Twelve Years' Truce (1609–1621) expired, and concluded with the Peace of Münster in 1648.

  5. Sack of Antwerp - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Antwerp

    This effectively destroyed every accomplishment the Spanish had made in the past 10 years since the Dutch Revolt started. Furthermore, it brought about the ruin of the Antwerp Cloth Market. English traders, not wishing to risk visiting a town that now resembled a war zone, sought out new commercial links.

  6. Twelve Years' Truce - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Years'_Truce

    The Twelve Years' Truce was a ceasefire during the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch Republic, agreed in Antwerp on 9 April 1609 and ended on 9 April 1621. [1] While European powers like France began treating the Republic as a sovereign nation, the Spanish viewed it as a temporary measure forced on them by financial exhaustion and domestic issues and did not formally recognise ...

  7. Historiography of the Eighty Years' War - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiography_of_the...

    The historiography of the Eighty Years' War examines how the Eighty Years' War has been viewed or interpreted throughout the centuries.Some of the main issues of contention between scholars include the name of the war (most notably "Eighty Years' War" versus "Dutch Revolt" [1]), the periodisation of the war (particularly when it started, which events to include or exclude, and whether the ...

  8. Eighty Years' War, 1579–1588 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years'_War,_1579–1588

    The years 1579–1588 constituted a phase of the Eighty Years' War (c. 1568–1648) between the Spanish Empire and the United Provinces in revolt after most of them concluded the Union of Utrecht on 23 January 1579, and proceeded to carve the independent Dutch Republic out of the Habsburg Netherlands.

  9. Battle of Empel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Empel

    The Miracle of Empel (Milagro de Empel in Spanish) was an unexpected Spanish victory on December 8, 1585, near Empel, in the Netherlands, as part of the Eighty Years' War, in which a surrounded Spanish force managed to escape an attack by Dutch army and destroyed some of the immobilized Dutch ships when the waters around their island suddenly froze.