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Subsequent thereto, to form a government of the state of Indonesia which protect all the people of Indonesia and all the independence and the land that has been struggled for, and to improve public welfare, to educate the life of the nation and to participate toward the establishment of a world order based on freedom, perpetual peace and social ...
The following other wikis use this file: Usage on fa.wikipedia.org قانون اساسی اندونزی; Usage on fr.wikipedia.org Constitution de l'Indonésie
On 17 August 1945, Sukarno proclaimed the independence of the Republic of Indonesia.The next day, a meeting of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence chaired by President Sukarno officially adopted the Constitution of Indonesia, which had been drawn up by the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence in the months leading up to the Japanese surrender.
Law of Indonesia is based on a civil law system, intermixed with local customary law and Dutch law.Before European presence and colonization began in the sixteenth century, indigenous kingdoms ruled the archipelago independently with their own custom laws, known as adat (unwritten, traditional rules still observed in the Indonesian society). [1]
The previous amendment procedure required a 2/3 supermajority for an amendment to pass; this was modified to a simple majority on the fourth amendment of the constitution. Article 37 dictated the constitution's only entrenched clause is on prohibition to amend the nature of Indonesia as a unitary state.
When the 1945 constitution was replaced by the United States of Indonesia Federal Constitution of 1949, and this in turn replaced by the Provisional Constitution of 1950, there were no attempts to include the seven words in the preambles, despite their similarity to 1945 version. [28]
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The "Old Order" (1950–1965) in Indonesia has long been understood to be a period of turmoil and crisis, characterized by rebellions and political unrest. The weakness of Indonesia's democracy and its gradual transition to authoritarianism during the Old Order can be attributed to conventional modernization theory, which suggests that without strong socioeconomic structures, successful ...