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Clemmensen reduction is a chemical reaction described as a reduction of ketones or aldehydes to alkanes using zinc amalgam and concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). [1] [2] This reaction is named after Erik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish-American chemist. [3] Scheme 1: Reaction scheme of Clemmensen Reduction.
This reaction sequence is thus a condensation reaction since there is a net loss of HCl when the two reactant molecules join. [7] Arrow-pushing mechanism for the Darzens reaction. If the starting halide is an α-halo amide, the product is an α,β-epoxy amide. [8] If an α-halo ketone is used, the product is an α,β-epoxy ketone. [2]
In organic chemistry, carbonyl reduction is the conversion of any carbonyl group, usually to an alcohol. It is a common transformation that is practiced in many ways. [1] Ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, and acid halides - some of the most pervasive functional groups, -comprise carbonyl compounds.
A crossed aldol condensation is a result of two dissimilar carbonyl compounds containing α-hydrogen(s) undergoing aldol condensation. Ordinarily, this leads to four possible products as either carbonyl compound can act as the nucleophile and self-condensation is possible, which makes a synthetically useless mixture.
Another method, first developed in the 1980s, is called the Corey–Bakshi–Shibata reduction (CBS), and it features the use of an oxazaborolidine catalyst along with borane as a reducing agent for accomplishing enantioselective ketone reductions. The CBS reduction has been used extensively by chemists en route to synthesizing a wide variety ...
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. [1] [2] In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step.
First, kinetic studies of reactions between diazomethane and various ketones have shown that the overall reaction follows second order kinetics. [7] Additionally, the reactivity of two series of ketones are in the orders Cl 3 CCOCH 3 > CH 3 COCH 3 > C 6 H 5 COCH 3 and cyclohexanone > cyclopentanone > cycloheptanone > cyclooctanone.
The McMurry reaction is an organic reaction in which two ketone or aldehyde groups are coupled to form an alkene using a titanium chloride compound such as titanium(III) chloride and a reducing agent. The reaction is named after its co-discoverer, John E. McMurry.