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Belief perseverance (also known as conceptual conservatism [1]) is maintaining a belief despite new information that firmly contradicts it. [ 2 ] Since rationality involves conceptual flexibility, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] belief perseverance is consistent with the view that human beings act at times in an irrational manner.
Perseverance of the saints, also known as preservation of the saints, is a Calvinist doctrine asserting that the elect will persevere in faith and ultimately achieve salvation. This concept was initially developed by Augustine of Hippo in the early 5th century, based on the idea of predestination by predeterminism .
Confirmation biases provide one plausible explanation for the persistence of beliefs when the initial evidence for them is removed or when they have been sharply contradicted. [3]: 187 This belief perseverance effect has been first demonstrated experimentally by Festinger, Riecken, and Schachter.
Augustine developed this doctrine of perseverance in De correptione et gratia (c. 426–427). [77] While this doctrine theoretically gives security to the elect who receive the gift of perseverance, individuals cannot ascertain whether they have received it.
Perseverance of the saints (also called preservation of the saints; [15] the "saints" being those whom God has predestined to salvation) asserts that since God is sovereign and his will cannot be frustrated by humans or anything else, those whom God has called into communion with himself will continue in faith until the end. Those who ...
It states that partial beliefs are basic and that full beliefs are to be conceived as partial beliefs above a certain threshold: for example, every belief above 0.9 is a full belief. [ 24 ] [ 29 ] [ 30 ] Defenders of a primitive notion of full belief, on the other hand, have tried to explain partial beliefs as full beliefs about probabilities ...
Intellectual courage aligns a person's actions with their rational beliefs. [2] On a daily basis, many emotions such as fear and desire influence decisions. [9] The degree to which a person is able to control or give in to such emotions, determines the strength of their intellectual courage. [2] A concise interpretation of intellectual courage is:
Commonly confused with belief perseverance, cognitive inertia is the perseverance of how one interprets information, not the perseverance of the belief itself. Cognitive inertia has been causally implicated in disregarding impending threats to one's health or environment, enduring political values and deficits in task switching .