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  2. Base (topology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(topology)

    Bases are ubiquitous throughout topology. The sets in a base for a topology, which are called basic open sets, are often easier to describe and use than arbitrary open sets. [1] Many important topological definitions such as continuity and convergence can be checked using only basic open sets instead of arbitrary open sets. Some topologies have ...

  3. User space and kernel space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_space_and_kernel_space

    A modern computer operating system usually uses virtual memory to provide separate address spaces or separate regions of a single address space, called user space and kernel space. [ 1 ] [ a ] Primarily, this separation serves to provide memory protection and hardware protection from malicious or errant software behaviour.

  4. Glossary of operating systems terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_operating...

    templating: In an o/s context, templating refers to creating a single virtual machine image as a guest operating system, then saving it as a tool for multiple running virtual machines (Gagne, 2012, p. 716). The technique is used both in virtualization and cloud computing management, and is common in large server warehouses.

  5. Glossary of general topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_general_topology

    Absolutely closed See H-closed Accessible See . Accumulation point See limit point. Alexandrov topology The topology of a space X is an Alexandrov topology (or is finitely generated) if arbitrary intersections of open sets in X are open, or equivalently, if arbitrary unions of closed sets are closed, or, again equivalently, if the open sets are the upper sets of a poset.

  6. Operating system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system

    The UNIX operating system originated as a development of MULTICS for a single user. [40] Because UNIX's source code was available, it became the basis of other, incompatible operating systems, of which the most successful were AT&T 's System V and the University of California 's Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). [ 41 ]

  7. Comparison of user features of operating systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_user...

    The classic Mac OS [a] (System Software) is the series of operating systems developed for the Macintosh family of personal computers by Apple Inc. from 1984 to 2001, starting with System 1 and ending with Mac OS 9. The Macintosh operating system is credited with having popularized the graphical user interface concept. [32]

  8. List of operating systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_operating_systems

    JNode (Java New Operating System Design Effort), written 99% in Java (native compiled), provides own JVM and JIT compiler. Based on GNU Classpath. [37] [38] JX Java operating system that focuses on a flexible and robust operating system architecture developed as an open source system by the University of Erlangen. KERNAL (default OS on ...

  9. OSI model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

    The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems interconnection."