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Many women played an essential part in the French Enlightenment because of the role they played as salonnières in Parisian salons, as the contrast to the male philosophes. The salon was the principal social institution of the republic [192] and "became the civil working spaces of the project of Enlightenment."
Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle (/ f ɒ n t ə ˈ n ɛ l /; [1] French: [fɔ̃tənɛl]; 11 February 1657 – 9 January 1757), [2] also called Bernard Le Bouyer de Fontenelle, was a French author and an influential member of three of the academies of the Institut de France, noted especially for his accessible treatment of scientific topics during the unfolding of the Age of Enlightenment.
Presumed portrait of Mme Geoffrin, by Marianne Loir (National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington, D.C.). The salons were literary institutions that relied on a new ethic of polite sociability based on hospitality, distinction, and the entertainment of the elite.
The "Philosophes" were 18th-century French intellectuals who dominated the French Enlightenment and were influential across Europe. [45] The philosopher Denis Diderot was editor-in-chief of the famous Enlightenment accomplishment, the 72,000-article Encyclopédie (1751–72). [ 46 ]
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (UK: / ˈ r uː s oʊ /, US: / r uː ˈ s oʊ /; [1] [2] French: [ʒɑ̃ʒak ʁuso]; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher (), writer, and composer.. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic, and educational ...
Factors which figured in the political developments of the late 18th century and early 19th century, including the American Revolution and French Revolution. Enlightenment as a cultural movement/period in Europe (second half of 18th century), including the associated period of Neo-Classicism in the arts.
Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis of Condorcet (/ k ɒ n d ɔːr ˈ s eɪ /; French: [maʁi ʒɑ̃ ɑ̃twan nikɔla də kaʁita maʁki də kɔ̃dɔʁsɛ]; 17 September 1743 – 29 March 1794), known as Nicolas de Condorcet, was a French philosopher, political economist, politician, and mathematician.
Age of Enlightenment, period in Western intellectual history from the late 17th to late 18th century, centered in France but also encompassing (alphabetically by country or culture): Arab Enlightenment or Nahda, late 19th to early 20th century; England: Midlands Enlightenment, period in 18th-century England