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The Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II was the first of this type of inscription found anywhere in the Levant (modern Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria). [1] [2]The Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, also known as Northwest Semitic inscriptions, [3] are the primary extra-Biblical source for understanding of the societies and histories of the ancient Phoenicians, Hebrews and Arameans.
The evolution of Proto-Sinaitic and the small number of Proto-Canaanite inscriptions from the Bronze Age is based on rather scant epigraphic evidence; it is only with the Bronze Age collapse and the rise of new Semitic kingdoms in the Levant that Proto-Canaanite is clearly attested (Byblos inscriptions 10th–8th century BC, Khirbet Qeiyafa ...
Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften (in English, Canaanite and Aramaic Inscriptions), or KAI, is the standard source for the original text of Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions not contained in the Hebrew Bible.
While no extant inscription in the Phoenician alphabet is older than c. 1050 BC, [12] Proto-Canaanite is used for the early alphabets as used during the 13th and 12th centuries BC in Phoenicia. [13] However, the Phoenician , Hebrew , and other Canaanite dialects were largely indistinguishable before the 11th century BC, and the writing system ...
It is the earliest alphabetical inscription found in Jerusalem written in what was probably Proto-Canaanite script. [43] Some scholars believe it to be an inscription of the type of wine that was held in a jar.
The Mesha Stele, the first major epigraphic Canaanite inscription found in the Southern Levant, [5] the longest Iron Age inscription ever found in the region, constitutes the major evidence for the Moabite language, and is a "corner-stone of Semitic epigraphy", [6] and history. [7]
Though containing some features of Aramaic, such as the word bar "(son of [Beor])" rather than the Canaanite ben, the Deir Alla inscription also has many elements of Canaanite languages, leading some to believe it was written in a dialect of Canaanite rather than an early form of Aramaic. The inscription has been dated to 880–770 BC. [12]
The main article for this category is Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften (in English, Caananite and Aramaic Inscriptions), or KAI; which is the standard source for the original text of Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions not contained in the Tanakh or the Old Testament.