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One size fits all — A general rule of thumb is that the first year of a dog's life is equivalent to 15 human years, the second year equivalent to 9 human years, and each subsequent year about 5 human years. [3] So, a dog age 2 is equivalent to a human age 24, while a dog age 10 is equivalent to a human age 64.
The requirements and functions of nutrients in dogs are largely similar to those in cats, with many requirements relaxed: The requirement of arginine in the urea cycle is reduced, as dogs have a functional pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase. [99] Dogs have a functional delta 6 desaturase, hence no specific need for arachidonic acid. [71]
Although young growing dogs have immature gastrointestinal tracts, they do contain microflora which can ferment fibre and generate short chain fatty acids beneficial to gut health. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] Colonization and establishment of these bacterial populations happens over time, beginning immediately after birth. [ 24 ]
Dogs get ample correct nutrition from their natural, normal diet; wild and feral dogs can usually get all the nutrients needed from a diet of whole prey and raw meat. In addition, a human diet is not ideal for a dog: the concept of a "balanced" diet for a facultative carnivore like a dog is not the same as in an omnivorous human.
This entry measures the weight of inorganic material left over after the food is burned for two hours at 600 °C. Thus, it does not include water, fibre, and nutrients that provide calories, but it does include some nutrients, such as minerals [6] Too much ash may contribute to feline urological syndrome in domestic cats. [7]
This theory has been bolstered by several new studies linking lower basal metabolic rate to increased life expectancy, across the animal kingdom—including humans. Calorie restriction and reduced thyroid hormone levels, both of which decrease the metabolic rate, have been associated with higher longevity in animals.
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Supplementation of vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids, and probiotics are often included to provide the animal with a complete diet or to offer a variety of benefits to the animal. [12] In most homemade diets for dogs, a variety of ingredients are included which may include: [12] [14]