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The highest-risk types are HPV 16 and 18; these are responsible for the vast majority of HPV-related cancers, including cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and head and neck.
Another test is specific for DNA from HPV types 16 and 18, the two types that cause most HPV-associated cancers. A third test can detect DNA from several high-risk HPV types and can indicate whether HPV-16 or HPV-18 is present. A fourth test detects RNA from the most common high-risk HPV types.
Some people can have elevated levels of p16 but test negative for HPV and vice versa. This is known as discordant cancer. The 5-year survival for people who test positive for HPV and p16 is 81%, for discordant cancer it is 53 – 55%, and 40% for those who test negative for p16 and HPV. [208] [209]
Typically, screening for HPV in patients involves a Pap smear, also known as a Pap test. A small brush is used to gently remove cells from the surface of the cervix and the area around the cervix.
Medicare Part B covers the costs of HPV testing. It provides coverage once every 5 years for people between the ages of 30 and 65 years without HPV symptoms.The HPV test is part of the Pap test ...
However, it is acceptable to screen this age group with a Pap smear alone every 3 years or with an FDA-approved primary high risk HPV test every 5 years. [11] In women over the age of 65, screening for cervical cancer may be discontinued in the absence of abnormal screening results within the prior 10 years and no history of high-grade lesions ...
However, some people can have elevated levels of p16 but test negative for HPV and vice versa. This is known as discordant cancer. The 5-year survival for people who test positive for HPV and p16 is 81%, for discordant cancer it is 53–55%, and 40% for those who test negative for p16 and HPV. [33] [34]
The FDA has given the green light to a self-collection solution to test for HPV, making it one of the easiest options available in the U.S. for identifying those at risk of cervical cancer.