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In C and C++, a callable unit is called a function. A function definition starts with the name of the type of value that it returns or void to indicate that it does not return a value. This is followed by the function name, formal arguments in parentheses, and body lines in braces.
Understanding the notion of a function signature is an important concept for all computer science studies. Modern object orientation techniques make use of interfaces, which are essentially templates made from function signatures. C++ uses function overloading with various signatures.
The C++ Standard Library is based upon conventions introduced by the Standard Template Library (STL), and has been influenced by research in generic programming and developers of the STL such as Alexander Stepanov and Meng Lee. [4] [5] Although the C++ Standard Library and the STL share many features, neither is a strict superset of the other.
In 1989, C++ 2.0 was released, followed by the updated second edition of The C++ Programming Language in 1991. [32] New features in 2.0 included multiple inheritance, abstract classes, static member functions, const member functions, and protected members. In 1990, The Annotated C++ Reference Manual was published. This work became the basis for ...
I/O is inherently impure: input operations undermine referential transparency, and output operations create side effects.Nevertheless, there is a sense in which a function can perform input or output and still be pure, if the sequence of operations on the relevant I/O devices is modeled explicitly as both an argument and a result, and I/O operations are taken to fail when the input sequence ...
In C++, a function defined inline will, if required, emit a function shared among translation units, typically by putting it into the common section of the object file for which it is needed. The function must have the same definition everywhere, always with the inline qualifier. In C++, extern inline is the same as inline.
The C and C++ syntax given above is the canonical one used in all the textbooks - but it's difficult to read and explain. Even the above typedef examples use this syntax. However, every C and C++ compiler supports a more clear and concise mechanism to declare function pointers: use typedef, but don't store
C standard library functions are exported from the C++ standard library in two ways. For backwards-/cross-compatibility to C and pre-Standard C++, functions can be accessed in the global namespace (::), after #include ing the C standard header name as in C. [42] Thus, the C++98 program