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The gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase or H + /K + ATPase is the proton pump of the stomach.It exchanges potassium from the intestinal lumen with cytoplasmic hydronium [2] and is the enzyme primarily responsible for the acidification of the stomach contents and the activation of the digestive enzyme pepsin [3] (see gastric acid).
The proton pump is the terminal stage in gastric acid secretion, being directly responsible for secreting H + ions into the gastric lumen, making it an ideal target for inhibiting acid secretion. [ citation needed ] Because the H,K-ATPase is the final step of acid secretion, an inhibitor of this enzyme is more effective than receptor ...
A proton pump is an integral membrane protein pump that builds up a proton gradient across a ... This enzyme functions as the proton pump of the stomach, ...
A derivative of timoprazole, omeprazole, was discovered in 1979, and was the first of a new class of drug that control acid secretion in the stomach, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). [11] [12] Addition of 5-methoxy-substitution to the benzimidazole moiety of omeprazole was also made and gave the compound much more stability at neutral pH. [6]
The secretion is a complex and relatively energetically expensive process. Parietal cells contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the hydrochloric acid is secreted into the lumen of the stomach. The pH of gastric acid is 1.5 to 3.5 in the human stomach lumen, a level maintained by the proton pump H + /K + ATPase. [1]
Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that decreases gastric acid secretion. [5] It works by inactivating (H+/K+)-ATPase function in the stomach. [9] [5] The study of pantoprazole began in 1985, and it came into medical use in Germany in 1994. [10] It is available as a generic medication.
Omeprazole is a selective and irreversible proton pump inhibitor. It suppresses stomach acid secretion by specific inhibition of the H + /K + -ATPase system found at the secretory surface of gastric parietal cells .
These pumps are increased in number on luminal side by fusion of tubulovesicles during activation of parietal cells and removed during deactivation. This pump maintains a million-fold difference in proton concentration. [3] ATP is provided by the numerous mitochondria. Human parietal cells (pink staining) – stomach.