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  2. Chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome

    Certain genetic traits are linked to a person's sex and are passed on through the sex chromosomes. The autosomes contain the rest of the genetic hereditary information. All act in the same way during cell division. Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes), giving a total of 46 per cell.

  3. List of organisms by chromosome count - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organisms_by...

    10 autosomal and 2 allosomic (sex) chromosomes. Males have XY sex chromosomes and females have XX sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are the largest chromosomes and constitute 30% of the total length of the diploid set in females and about 25% in males. [19] [19] 18 Slime mold (Dictyostelium discoideum) 12 [20] 19 Cucumber (Cucumis sativus ...

  4. Human genome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genome

    A personal genome sequence is a (nearly) complete sequence of the chemical base pairs that make up the DNA of a single person. Because medical treatments have different effects on different people due to genetic variations such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the analysis of personal genomes may lead to personalized medical treatment ...

  5. Sex differences in human physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_differences_in_human...

    The human genome consists of two copies of each of 23 chromosomes (a total of 46). [1] One set of 23 comes from the mother and one set comes from the father. [1] Of these 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 are autosomes, and one is a sex chromosome. [1]

  6. Human mitochondrial genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_mitochondrial_genetics

    Schematic karyogram showing the human genome, with 23 chromosome pairs, and the human mitochondrial genome to scale at bottom left (annotated "MT").Its genome is relatively tiny compared to the rest, and its copy number per human cell varies from 0 (erythrocytes) [1] up to 1,500,000 ().

  7. Aneuploidy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aneuploidy

    [1] [2] It does not include a difference of one or more complete sets of chromosomes. A cell with any number of complete chromosome sets is called a euploid cell. [1] An extra or missing chromosome is a common cause of some genetic disorders. Some cancer cells also have abnormal numbers of chromosomes. [3] [4] About 68% of human solid tumors ...

  8. Karyotype - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyotype

    Humans have one pair fewer chromosomes than the great apes. Human chromosome 2 appears to have resulted from the fusion of two ancestral chromosomes, and many of the genes of those two original chromosomes have been translocated to other chromosomes. Differences in number and position of satellites.

  9. Sex chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_chromosome

    Females therefore have 23 homologous chromosome pairs, while males have 22. The X and Y chromosomes have small regions of homology called pseudoautosomal regions. An X chromosome is always present as the 23rd chromosome in the ovum, while either an X or Y chromosome may be present in an individual sperm. [4]