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The cast iron was aged to reduce stress in the metal in an effort to decrease the likelihood of the plate twisting or warping over time. Cast-iron surface plates are now frequently used on production floors as a tool for lapping granite surface plates to achieve certain grades of accuracy. The metal allows itself to be impregnated with the ...
Commonly used when measuring the flat surfaces of a hex drive, such as a hex nut. AFF above finished floor A dimension that establishes a distance away from the finished floor. Example would be the top of a coffee table to the shag of the carpet, not where the bottom of the tables feet dig in. AISI: American Iron and Steel Institute
In manufacturing and mechanical engineering, flatness is an important geometric condition for workpieces and tools. Flatness is the condition of a surface or derived median plane having all elements in one plane. [1] Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing has provided geometrically defined, quantitative ways of defining flatness operationally.
Small lapping plate made of cast iron. A piece of lead may be used as the lap, charged with emery, and used to cut a piece of hardened steel. The small plate shown in the first picture is a hand lapping plate. That particular plate is made of cast iron. In use, a slurry of emery powder would be spread on the plate and the workpiece simply ...
Sheet metal is metal formed into thin, flat pieces, usually by an industrial process. Thicknesses can vary significantly; extremely thin sheets are considered foil or leaf, and pieces thicker than 6 mm (0.25 in) are considered plate, such as plate steel, a class of structural steel. Sheet metal is available in flat pieces or coiled strips.
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Steel does, too, but not cast iron. Hard thermosetting plastics, rubber, crystals, and ceramics have minimal plastic deformation ranges. An example of a material with a large plastic deformation range is wet chewing gum, which can be stretched to dozens of times its original length.
These measurements may be made using manual procedures with the aid of templates overlaying the microstructure, or with automated image analyzers. In all cases, adequate sampling must be made to obtain a proper statistical basis for the measurement. Efforts to eliminate bias are required. An image of the microstructures of ductile cast iron