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''Offering to Molech'' in Bible Pictures and What They Teach Us, by Charles Foster, 1897. The drawing is typical of Moloch depictions in nineteenth-century illustrations. [1] Moloch, Molech, or Molek [a] is a word which appears in the Hebrew Bible several times, primarily in the Book of Leviticus.
Tombs in the Valley of Hinnom, the location of the tophet according to the Bible. The tophet is attested 8 times in the Hebrew Bible, mostly to designate a place of ritual fire or burning, but sometimes as a place name. [1] The connection to ritual fire is made explicit in 2 Kings 23:10, Isaiah 30:33; and Jeremiah 7:31–32. In 2 Kings, King Josiah
In verse 20, God prohibits sexual relations with a neighbor's wife, and in verse 21 God prohibits passing one's children through fire to Moloch. Verse 22 is the famous verse about "lie with a man," discussed below, while in verse 23 God forbids bestiality, and, according to some translations, pedophilia.
Sacrificing offspring to Molech. [2] Worshipping Baal Peor. [3] A prophet who says to follow gods other than Yahweh. [4] A person who follows gods other than Yahweh. [5] A false prophet, one whose prophecies do not come to pass. [6]
However, it is derived from the verse's use of the word "ומזרעך", lit. "and from your seed", that this prohibition is only when some of one's children are sacrificed in this worship; when all of one's children are sacrificed, this is not punishable. This is explained with the reasoning that the intention of the Molech worship is to ...
2 Kings 16:3 records that Ahaz offered his son by fire to Moloch (or made his son pass through fire), a practice condemned by Leviticus 18:21. [8] The words may refer to a ceremony of purification or a sacrificial offering. [9] The account in 2 Chronicles 28:3 refers to sons (plural).
Not to pass your children through the fire to Molech — Lev. 18:21; Not to erect a pillar in a public place of worship — Deut. 16:22; Not to bow down before a smooth stone — Lev. 26:1; Not to plant a tree in the Temple courtyard — Deut. 16:21; To destroy idols and their accessories — Deut. 12:2
The site would also have been disrupted by the actions of Josiah "And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech." (2 Kings 23).