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[1] [2] In the United States, there are two forms of joint custody, joint physical custody (called also "shared parenting" or "shared custody") and joint legal custody. [2] In joint physical custody, the lodging and care of the child is shared according to a court-ordered parenting schedule with equal or close to equal parenting time.
Joint custody may refer to joint physical custody, joint legal custody, or both combined. In joint legal custody, both parents of a child share major decision making regarding for example education, medical care and religious upbringing. In joint physical custody, also called shared parenting or shared residency, the child spends equal or close ...
Legal presumption vs consideration: A rebuttable legal presumption and preference (such as for joint custody over sole custody) give the courts a starting point. If the court determines that the legal presumption is not fit for the case, it must usually state what evidence it considers to have overcome the burden of proof associated with the ...
The Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (UCCJEA) is a Uniform Act drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1997. [1] The UCCJEA has since been adopted by 49 U.S. States , the District of Columbia , Guam , Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands .
In the decades leading up to the 1970s child custody battles were rare, and in most cases the mother of minor children would receive custody. [5] Since the 1970s, as custody laws have been made gender-neutral, contested custody cases have increased as have cases in which the children are placed in the primary custody of the father. [5]
Judges can then consider other factors, such as whether either parent has a history of domestic violence, before deciding whether joint custody is appropriate. [16] [21] The law stipulates if a domestic violence order is being or has been entered against a parent by another parent or child, then the presumption of joint custody will not apply. [9]
Thus, with joint custody, one custodial parent (as an obligor) may be required to pay the other custodial parent (as an obligee). Child support enforcement in the United States at the Federal level is the responsibility of the Administration for Children and Families in the Department of Health and Human Services .
The land was transferred to Wisconsin and eventually the City of La Crosse following a border dispute that was resolved in 1919. [68] Today the park has a variety of recreational facilities, including a beach and disc golf course. An extensive marsh, a natural floodplain created by the La Crosse River, divides the city between north and south ...