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It is a porridge, a thick boiled grain dish—hence its name, which derives from the Latin word frumentum, "grain". It was usually made with cracked wheat boiled with either milk or broth and was a peasant staple. More luxurious recipes include eggs, almonds, currants, sugar, saffron and orange flower water.
Esau and the Mess of Pottage, by Jan Victors (1619–1676). In the King James Bible translation of the story of Jacob and Esau in the Book of Genesis, Esau, being famished, sold his birthright (the rights of the eldest son) to his twin brother Jacob in exchange for a meal of "bread and pottage of lentils" (Gen 25:29–34).
Food in Change: Eating Habits from the Middle Ages to the Present Day. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers. ISBN 0-85976-145-2. S2CID 160758319. Cipolla, Carlo M., ed. (1972). The Fontana Economic History of Europe: The Middle Ages. London: Collins. ISBN 0-00-632841-5. Freedman, Paul (2008). Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination ...
Polenta, a porridge made with the corn left to Italian farmers so that land holders could sell all the wheat crops, still a popular food; Pumpernickel, a traditional dark rye bread of Germany, made with a long, slow (16–24 hours) steam-baking process, and a sour culture; Ratatouille, the stewed vegetable dish
In the Middle Ages, the peasant could avoid the tithe exacted by paying in grain ground by the miller of the landowner's mill. When eaten by the peasant, the process was to roast the grains to make them digestible and grind small portions in a mortar at home. In lieu of cooking the resulting paste on the hearthstone, it could be simmered in a ...
Janggukjuk – a variety of juk, or Korean porridge, made with pounded non-glutinous rice (as opposed to glutinous rice), beef and brown oak mushrooms. Jatjuk – a variety of juk made by boiling finely ground pine nuts and rice flour or soaked rice. Janggukjuk is seasoned with soy sauce, and it literally means soy sauce porridge.
A porridge made from pearl millet is the staple food in Niger and surrounding regions of the Sahel. Oshifima or otjifima, a stiff pearl millet porridge, is the staple food of northern Namibia. Middle Eastern millet porridge, often seasoned with cumin and honey. Munchiro sayo, a millet porridge eaten by the Ainu, a native people of northern Japan.
In the Late Middle Ages and the early modern period, an entremet marked the end of a course of the meal and could be a culinary preparation like frumenty (a type of wheat porridge) that was brightly colored and flavored with exotic and expensive spices, or elaborate models of castles complete with wine fountains, musicians, and food modeled ...