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According to mainstream Ukrainian historiography, the western Ukrainian nobility developed out of a mixture of three groups of people: poor Rus' boyars (East Slavic aristocrats from the medieval era), descendants of princely retainers or druzhina (free soldiers in the service of the Rus' princes), and peasants who had been free during the times of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia. [5]
Today, the territory of Galicia is split between Poland in the west and Ukraine in the east. At the turn of the Twentieth Century, Poles constituted 88.7% of the whole population of Western Galicia, Jews 7.6%, Ukrainians 3.2%, Germans 0.3%, and others 0.2%.
Galicia, also known by its variant name Galizia [2] (/ ɡ ə ˈ l ɪ ʃ (i) ə / gə-LISH-(ee-)ə; [3] Polish: Galicja, IPA: [ɡaˈlit͡sja] ⓘ; Ukrainian: Галичина, romanized: Halychyna, IPA: [ɦɐlɪtʃɪˈnɑ]; Yiddish: גאַליציע, romanized: Galitsye; see below), is a historical and geographic region spanning what is now southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, long part of ...
Eastern Galicia, with the ethnic composition of about two thirds Ukrainians and one third Poles, [nb 2] [5] east of the Curzon line, was incorporated into the Second Polish Republic after Austria-Hungary's collapse and the defeat of the short-lived West Ukrainian People's Republic. [1]
A secondary movement was the emigration under the auspices of the Austro-Hungarian government of 10,000 Ukrainians from Galicia to Bosnia. Furthermore, due to Russian agitation, 15,000 Ukrainians left Galicia and Bukovina and settled in Russia. Most of these settlers later returned.
Map of Wołyń (Volhynia) and Eastern Galicia in 1939. The recreated Polish state covered large territories inhabited by Ukrainians, while the Ukrainian movement failed to achieve independence. According to the Polish census of 1931, in Eastern Galicia, the Ukrainian language was spoken by 52% of the inhabitants, Polish by 40% and Yiddish by 7%.
The largest wave of Ukrainians came in the early 1990s, after the 1991 fall of the Soviet Union. Some [quantify] of those emigrating from Ukraine after the fall of the Soviet Union were Jewish or Protestant. Many Ukrainians of the newest immigration wave settled in large cities and regional centers, forming ethnic enclaves.
A map showing the Kreise and Kreisdistrikte of Galicia and Lodomeria 1777–82. The Kreise (lit. ' circles '; sg. Kreis; Polish: cyrkuły, sg. cyrkuł; Ukrainian: округи okruhy, sg. округ okruh) of Galicia and Lodomeria go back in some form to the aftermath of the First Partition of Poland in 1772 which led to the Kingdom's creation, but did not take something resembling their final ...