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2. Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_pharmacodynamics

   It has been suggested that an alteration of DNA function is possibly responsible for the post-antibiotic effect following the observation that most inhibitors of protein and nucleic acid synthesis (aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, clindamycin, certain newer macrolides/ketolides, and rifampicin and rifabutin) induce long-term ...

3. Antibiotic sensitivity testing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_sensitivity_testing

   In clinical medicine, antibiotics are most frequently prescribed on the basis of a person's symptoms and medical guidelines.This method of antibiotic selection is called empiric therapy, [1] and it is based on knowledge about what bacteria cause an infection, and to what antibiotics bacteria may be sensitive or resistant. [1]

4. Antimicrobial spectrum - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_spectrum

   Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have low propensity to induce bacterial resistance and are less likely to disrupt the microbiome (normal microflora). [3] On the other hand, indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may not only induce the development of bacterial resistance and promote the emergency of multidrug-resistant organisms, but also cause off-target effects due to dysbiosis.

5. Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodman_&_Gilman's_The...

   Their new text was first published in 1941 under the title The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics: A Textbook of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics for Physicians and Medical Student. [1] Because the volume was twice as long as a typical textbook, Macmillan printed few copies, but demand for a readable, up-to-date pharmacological text ...

6. Broad-spectrum antibiotic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antibiotic

   A colored electron microscopy image of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (), a bacterium commonly targeted by broad-spectrum antibioticsA broad-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, [1] or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria. [2]

7. Drug resistance - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_resistance

   In viruses, an equivalent "cost" is genomic complexity. The high metabolic cost means that, in the absence of antibiotics, a resistant pathogen will have decreased evolutionary fitness as compared to susceptible pathogens. [36] This is one of the reasons drug resistance adaptations are rarely seen in environments where antibiotics are absent.