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The Anfal campaign [a] was a counterinsurgency operation which was carried out by Ba'athist Iraq from February to September 1988 during the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict at the end of the Iran–Iraq War. The campaign targeted rural Kurds [ 3 ] because its purpose was to eliminate Kurdish rebel groups and Arabize strategic parts of the Kirkuk ...
The most violent phase of the conflict between the Kurds and Iraqi Ba'athist regime was the Al-Anfal Campaign of the Iraqi Army against the Kurdish minority, which took place between 1986–1988 and included the Halabja chemical attack. The Al-Anfal campaign ended in 1988 with an agreement of amnesty between the two belligerents.
As part of the Al-Anfal Campaign, during the Iran–Iraq War, Saddam's regime destroyed 3,000 to 4,000 villages and drove hundreds of thousands of Kurds to become refugees or be resettled across Iraq, [12] as well as Assyrians [14] [15] and Turkmen. Some 100,000 people were killed or died during the al-Anfal campaign, which is often equated to ...
By 1986, the Iraqi government conducted a genocidal campaign known as Al-Anfal, to oust the Kurdish fighters and take revenge on the Kurdish population—an act often described as the Kurdish genocide, with an estimated 50,000–200,000 casualties. The Iran-Iraq war ended in 1988.
Al-Majid was first sentenced to hang in 2007 for his role in a 1988 military campaign against ethnic Kurds, codenamed Anfal, and in 2008 he also twice received a death sentence for his crimes against the Iraqi Shia Muslims, in particular for his role in crushing the 1991 uprisings in southern Iraq and his involvement in the 1999 killings in the ...
He was convicted in June 2007 and sentenced to death for crimes of genocide against the Kurds committed in the al-Anfal campaign of the 1980s. [9] His appeal of the death sentence was rejected on 4 September 2007, and he was sentenced to death for the fourth time on 17 January 2010 and was hanged eight days later, on 25 January 2010. [10]
1983–1986 Kurdish rebellion of 1983: Iraq: Indecisive, led to the Al-Anfal Campaign: 15 August 1984 – present Kurdish–Turkish conflict: Republic of Turkey:
PUK (sometimes) . Ongoing. PKK and allied groups lose most land and begin low-level insurgency; Battle of Sulaymaniyah (1991) Kurdistan Region Iraq. Defeat. Iraqi Army took back control of the town on 3 April