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  2. Continuous cooling transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_cooling...

    A continuous cooling transformation (CCT) phase diagram is often used when heat treating steel. [1] These diagrams are used to represent which types of phase changes will occur in a material as it is cooled at different rates.

  3. Precipitation hardening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_hardening

    Precipitation hardening, also called age hardening or particle hardening, is a heat treatment technique used to increase the yield strength of malleable materials, including most structural alloys of aluminium, magnesium, nickel, titanium, and some steels, stainless steels, and duplex stainless steel.

  4. Isothermal transformation diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isothermal_transformation...

    TTT diagram of isothermal transformations of a hypoeutectoid carbon steel; showing the main components obtained when cooling the steel and its relation with the Fe-C phase diagram of carbon steels. Austenite is slightly undercooled when quenched below Eutectoid temperature. When given more time, stable microconstituents can form: ferrite and ...

  5. Heat treating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_treating

    Heat treatment provides an efficient way to manipulate the properties of the metal by controlling the rate of diffusion and the rate of cooling within the microstructure. Heat treating is often used to alter the mechanical properties of a metallic alloy, manipulating properties such as the hardness, strength, toughness, ductility, and ...

  6. Annealing (materials science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing_(materials_science)

    With knowledge of the composition and phase diagram, heat treatment can be used to adjust from harder and more brittle to softer and more ductile. In the case of ferrous metals, such as steel, annealing is performed by heating the material (generally until glowing) for a while and then slowly letting it cool to room temperature in still air.

  7. Widmanstätten pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widmanstätten_pattern

    Phase diagram explaining how the pattern forms. First meteoric iron is exclusively composed of taenite. When cooling off it passes a phase boundary where kamacite is exsolved from taenite. Meteoric iron with less than about 6% nickel (hexahedrite) is completely changed to kamacite. Widmanstätten pattern, metallographic polished section

  8. Hardening (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardening_(metallurgy)

    Martensitic transformation, more commonly known as quenching and tempering, is a hardening mechanism specific for steel. The steel must be heated to a temperature where the iron phase changes from ferrite into austenite, i.e. changes crystal structure from BCC (body-centered cubic) to FCC (face-centered cubic). In austenitic form, steel can ...

  9. Austempering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austempering

    Austempering is heat treatment that is applied to ferrous metals, most notably steel and ductile iron. In steel it produces a bainite microstructure whereas in cast irons it produces a structure of acicular ferrite and high carbon, stabilized austenite known as ausferrite. It is primarily used to improve mechanical properties or reduce ...

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