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Others were kept in service and used during the English Civil War, the Anglo-Dutch Wars, the Napoleonic Wars and, upgraded with more modern artillery and defences, throughout the 19th century. [11] By 1900, however, developments in guns and armour had made most of the Device Forts that remained in service simply too small to be practical in ...
The Device Forts, also known as Henrician castles and blockhouses, were a series of artillery fortifications built to defend the coast of England and Wales by Henry VIII. [a] Traditionally, the Crown had left coastal defences in the hands of local lords and communities but the threat of French and Spanish invasion led the King to issue an order, called a "device", for a major programme of work ...
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English. Read; Edit; View history; Tools. Tools. move to sidebar hide. Actions Read; ... 18th-century forts in England (1 C) F. French and Indian War forts (88 P) G.
1797 Ordnance Survey map, showing fortifications around Portsmouth and Portsea, fortified Gosport to the west, Hilsea Lines to the north, Fort Cumberland to the east. In the 18th century, Portsea started to grow up around the dockyard and in the 1770s a series of ramparts and moats were constructed to protect this new settlement. [25]
Suomenlinna, an 18th-century fortress in Helsinki; Valtellina Redoubt; ... (London), English Civil War fortifications built around London between 1642 and 1643;
The fortifications of London are extensive and mostly well maintained, though many of the City of London's fortifications and defences were dismantled in the 17th and 18th century. Many of those that remain are tourist attractions, most notably the Tower of London .
The forts which were actually constructed provided two lines of coastal artillery forts to defend the seaward approaches to Plymouth and the dockyard at Devonport, while a further semi-circle of forts defended the overland approaches. Note that some works are defined as "forts" and some as "batteries" without any clear distinction between the ...