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Backflow prevention device. The simplest, most reliable way to provide backflow prevention is to provide an air gap.An air gap is simply an open vertical space between any device that connects to a plumbing system (like a valve or faucet) and any place where contaminated water can collect or pool.
Special accredited courses are given to test & repair backflow assemblies and only certified testers may test backflow assemblies. There are approximately fifteen devices related to backflow which cannot be tested, as they do not have isolation valves or test ports and there are no standards (test procedures) set in place to test for any device.
A recent introduction to the UK has been the Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve, a form of double check valve where the intervening zone is drained and normally kept empty. [1] If the downstream valve leaks and permits backflow, this will drain out through the vent rather than building up pressure against the upstream valve.
If the pressure in the "upstream side" is reduced to atmospheric pressure or below, the poppet valve drops and allows air to enter the system, breaking the siphon. [1] One-Inch Brass Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker mounted on PVC Pipe. These devices, since they work on atmospheric principles, cannot be installed in an enclosure containing air ...
A dual check backflow preventer is similar to a double check valve in operation. It has two independent spring-loaded check valves. However, dual check valves usually do not include shutoff valves, may or may not be equipped with test cocks or ports, and is generally less reliable than a double check valve.
A pressure vacuum breaker (PVB) is a type of backflow prevention device, used to keep non-potable (or contaminated) water from entering the water supply. A PVB is similar to an atmospheric vacuum breaker (AVB), except that the PVB contains a spring-loaded poppet.