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Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the tetracycline class used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and certain parasites. [1] It is used to treat bacterial pneumonia , acne , chlamydia infections , Lyme disease , cholera , typhus , and syphilis . [ 1 ]
It is used as a precursor in the industrial synthesis of doxycycline hyclate. [citation needed] It has been found to act as an agonist of the human pregnane X receptor ligand-binding domain and to induce CYP3A4 expression in vitro. [1]
Tetracycline use should be avoided in pregnant or lactating women, and in children with developing teeth because they may result in permanent staining (dark yellow-gray teeth with a darker horizontal band that goes across the top and bottom rows of teeth), and possibly affect the growth of teeth and bones.
Cefuroxime, sold under the brand name Zinacef among others, is a second-generation cephalosporin [3] antibiotic used to treat and prevent a number of bacterial infections. [4] These include pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, sepsis, urinary tract infections, and Lyme disease. [5] It is used by mouth or by injection into a vein or muscle. [5]
Women with menstrual irregularities may be at higher risk of failure and should be advised to use backup contraception during antibiotic treatment and for one week after its completion. If patient-specific risk factors for reduced oral contraceptive efficacy are suspected, backup contraception is recommended.
Mauer said cost might be a big factor in how the drug is used. Vertex said that it has set a wholesale cost of $15.50 per 50-mg pill but that patient assistance programs would be available.
Its use as a prophylactic treatment is supported by one clinical trial involving children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. [59] Other than this and one other clinical trial into its efficacy as a treatment for pneumocystis pneumonia, [ 60 ] data on its use in both the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia is significantly lacking.
Since August 2012, the third-generation cephalosporin, ceftriaxone, is the only recommended treatment for gonorrhea in the United States (in addition to azithromycin or doxycycline for concurrent Chlamydia treatment). Cefixime is no longer recommended as a first-line treatment due to evidence of decreasing susceptibility. [30] Ceftriaxone