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In linear algebra, an invertible complex square matrix U is unitary if its matrix inverse U −1 equals its conjugate transpose U *, that is, if = =, where I is the identity matrix.. In physics, especially in quantum mechanics, the conjugate transpose is referred to as the Hermitian adjoint of a matrix and is denoted by a dagger ( † ), so the equation above is written
Reciprocal polynomials have several connections with their original polynomials, including: deg p = deg p ∗ if is not 0.; p(x) = x n p ∗ (x −1). [2]α is a root of a polynomial p if and only if α −1 is a root of p ∗.
Example: If X is a beta (α, β) random variable then (1 − X) is a beta (β, α) random variable. If X is a binomial (n, p) random variable then (n − X) is a binomial (n, 1 − p) random variable. If X has cumulative distribution function F X, then the inverse of the cumulative distribution F X (X) is a standard uniform (0,1) random variable
In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. That is, if a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} are real numbers, then the complex conjugate of a + b i {\displaystyle a+bi} is a − b i . {\displaystyle a-bi.}
For the cases where has full row or column rank, and the inverse of the correlation matrix ( for with full row rank or for full column rank) is already known, the pseudoinverse for matrices related to can be computed by applying the Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury formula to update the inverse of the ...
In statistics, the inverse Wishart distribution, also called the inverted Wishart distribution, is a probability distribution defined on real-valued positive-definite matrices. In Bayesian statistics it is used as the conjugate prior for the covariance matrix of a multivariate normal distribution.
In mathematics, the complex conjugate root theorem states that if P is a polynomial in one variable with real coefficients, and a + bi is a root of P with a and b real numbers, then its complex conjugate a − bi is also a root of P. [1]
Conjugate variables are pairs of variables mathematically defined in such a way that they become Fourier transform duals, [1] [2] or more generally are related through Pontryagin duality. The duality relations lead naturally to an uncertainty relation—in physics called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle —between them.