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In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. One example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve that designates conditions under which a liquid and its vapor can coexist.
An order parameter is a measure of the degree of order across the boundaries in a phase transition system; it normally ranges between zero in one phase (usually above the critical point) and nonzero in the other. [30] At the critical point, the order parameter susceptibility will usually diverge.
In science, an experimentum crucis (English: crucial experiment or critical experiment) is an experiment capable of decisively determining whether or not a particular hypothesis or theory is superior to all other hypotheses or theories whose acceptance is currently widespread in the scientific community.
Critical points are fundamental for studying the topology of manifolds and real algebraic varieties. [1] In particular, they are the basic tool for Morse theory and catastrophe theory. The link between critical points and topology already appears at a lower level of abstraction.
Self-organized criticality (SOC) is a property of dynamical systems that have a critical point as an attractor.Their macroscopic behavior thus displays the spatial or temporal scale-invariance characteristic of the critical point of a phase transition, but without the need to tune control parameters to a precise value, because the system, effectively, tunes itself as it evolves towards ...
A turning point of a differentiable function is a point at which the derivative has an isolated zero and changes sign at the point. [2] A turning point may be either a relative maximum or a relative minimum (also known as local minimum and maximum). A turning point is thus a stationary point, but not all stationary points are turning points. If ...
Critical point (set theory), an elementary embedding of a transitive class into another transitive class which is the smallest ordinal which is not mapped to itself; Critical point (thermodynamics), a temperature and pressure of a material beyond which there is no longer any difference between the liquid and gas phases; Quantum critical point ...
A working mechanism of a resonant tunnelling diode device, based on the phenomenon of quantum tunnelling through the potential barriers. Diodes are electrical semiconductor devices that allow electric current flow in one direction more than the other. The device depends on a depletion layer between N-type and P-type semiconductors to serve its ...