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Hydroxychloroquine, sold under the brand name Plaquenil among others, is a medication used to prevent and treat malaria in areas where malaria remains sensitive to chloroquine. Other uses include treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and porphyria cutanea tarda. It is taken by mouth, often in the form of hydroxychloroquine sulfate. [3]
[1] [4] Chloroquine is a member of the drug class 4-aminoquinoline. [1] As an antimalarial, it works against the asexual form of the malaria parasite in the stage of its life cycle within the red blood cell. [1] How it works in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus is unclear. [1] Chloroquine was discovered in 1934 by Hans Andersag.
MDCalc is a free online medical reference for healthcare professionals that provides point-of-care clinical decision-support tools, including medical calculators, scoring systems, and algorithms. [1] MDCalc is also a mobile and web app. [ 2 ] The decision-support tools are based on published clinical research, [ 3 ] and MDCalc’s content is ...
A patient who received a 1:330 risk score, while technically low-risk (since the cutoff for high-risk is commonly quoted as 1:270), might be more likely to still opt for a confirmatory invasive test. On the other hand, a patient who receives a 1:1000 risk score is more likely to feel assuaged that her pregnancy is normal.
It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe for the baby. [6] It is not recommended to prevent malaria in those with poor kidney function. [4] Atovaquone works by interfering with the function of mitochondria in malaria while proguanil blocks dihydrofolate reductase. [3]
Erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production, increases throughout pregnancy and reaches approximately 150 percent of their pregnancy levels at term. [24] The slight drop in hematocrit or hemoglobin is most pronounced at the end of the second trimester and slowly improves when reaching term.
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (aka Essential Medicines List or EML [1]), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system. [2]
Due date estimation basically follows two steps: Determination of which time point is to be used as the origin for gestational age.This starting point is the woman's last normal menstrual period (LMP) or the corresponding time as estimated by a more accurate method if available.